Imboni Yegilavu Yerabha yaseMalaysia: Okuhle, Okubi Nokubi - Ukuhlaziywa
Ngu-Francis E. Hutchinson no-Pritish Bhattacharya
Ubhadane oluqhubekayo lwe-COVID-19 kanye ne-Movement Control Order (MCO) eqhubekayo kube nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni waseMalaysia. Ngenkathi uMnyango Wezezimali wezwe phambilini ubikezela ukuthi i-GDP kazwelonke izokwehla cishe ngamaphesenti ama-4.5 ngonyaka we-2020, imininingwane emisha yembula ukuthi inkontileka yangempela ibibukhali kakhulu, ngamaphesenti angu-5.8. [1]
Ngokunjalo, ngokusho kwesibikezelo esenziwe ngabahlaziyi e-Bank Negara Malaysia ngonyaka odlule, izwe lingalindela amazinga okusheshe alulame afike kumaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ngo-2021. Kepha imikhawulo eqhubeka njalo iye yawufiphaza umbono. Impela, isilinganiso sakamuva seBhange Lomhlaba ukuthi umnotho waseMalaysia uzokhula okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-6.7 kulo nyaka. [2]
Ubumnyama bezomnotho obumboze izwe - kanye nezwe - kusukela ngonyaka odlule, nokho, buye bakhanyiswa kancane ngokusebenza okumangazayo komkhakha wamagilavu wenjoloba waseMalaysia. Yize izwe lingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wamagilavu wenjoloba, ukufuna ngamandla imishini yokuzivikela kuye kwafaka umfutho ekukhuleni komkhakha.
Ngo-2019, iMalsiansian Rubber Glove Manufacturers Association (MARGMA) yabikezela ukuthi isidingo somhlaba wonke samagilavu enjoloba sizokhuphuka ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe samaphesenti ayi-12, sifinyelele ezingqekeni ezingama-300 billion ekupheleni kuka-2020.
Kodwa njengoba ukugqashuka kwegciwane kungqubuzana kusuka ezweni elilodwa kuya kwelinye, lezi zilinganiso zabuyekezwa ngokushesha. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, ukufunwa kweqe cishe kwizicucu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-360 ngonyaka odlule, okucindezela izinga lokukhula lonyaka lacishe libe ngamaphesenti angama-20. Kokukhiphayo okuphelele, iMalaysia yanikezela cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, noma amagilavu angama-240 billion. Isilinganiso esifunwa umhlaba wonke kulo nyaka simi kwizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-420. [3]
Ngokuya ngePersistence Market Research, lokhu kukhuphuka kwesidingo kubangele ukwanda okuphindwe kayishumi emananini wentengo yokuthengisa amagilavu e-nitrile - okufana nokufunwa kwamagilavu ezokwelapha. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale lolu bhubhane, abathengi kwakudingeka bakhiphe imali engange- $ 3 ukuthola iphakethe lamagilavu angama-nitrile ayi-100; intengo manje isikhuphuke yaze yafika kuma- $ 32. [4]
Ukusebenza komkhakha we-glove glove we-rubber kudale intshisekelo enkulu eMalaysia nakwezinye izindawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bevy yabakhiqizi abasha ingene kulo mkhakha kusuka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezindlu, uwoyela wesundu kanye ne-IT. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubhekisisa okuqhakazile kusikhanyisele ngemikhuba eminingi engemihle kangako. Ikakhulu, ama-majors embonini amaningi ahehe ukunakwa ngenxa yezinsolo zokwephula amalungelo abasebenzi nokulandela inzuzo ngezindleko zabo - ngisho nangesikhathi senala.
Yize kuvumelekile, kunezici eziningana zesakhiwo ezinikela kulokhu. Ezinye zihlobene nomkhakha wamagilavu wenjoloba uqobo lwawo, kanti ezinye zixhunywe endaweni ebanzi yenqubomgomo esebenza kuyo. Lezi zinkinga zidonsela ukunakekela isidingo sabanikazi abaqinile nabenza izinqubomgomo eMalaysia, kanye nabathengi kanye nohulumeni emazweni amaklayenti, ukubheka umkhakha kanye nemikhuba yokukhiqiza ngokuphelele.
Okuhle
Njengoba kwenzekile ngonyaka owedlule, kulindeleke ukuthi kudingeke amagilavu ezokwelapha ukuthi akhule ngamanani angakaze abonwe kulo nyaka. Ukuqagela kukaMargma ngonyaka ka-2021 kukhombisa izinga lokukhula kwamaphesenti ayi-15-20, lapho isidingo somhlaba wonke sizofinyelela izingcezu zegilavu ezingama-420 billion ngasekupheleni konyaka, ngenxa yenani elisakhuphukayo lamacala okusabalalisa umphakathi nokutholakala kwamagciwane amasha, atheleleka kakhulu igciwane.
Umkhuba awulindelekile ukuthi ushintshe njengoba amazwe amaningi eqinisa izinhlelo zawo zokugoma. Eqinisweni, ukuthunyelwa komuthi wokugoma omkhulu kuzoqhubela phambili isidingo ngoba amagilavu okuhlola ayadingeka ukujova imigomo.
Ngaphandle kwamathemba elanga, lo mkhakha unezinye izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezisemqoka. Isebenzisa kakhulu impahla iMalaysia ekhiqiza kakhulu - injoloba.
Ukutholakala kwempahla eluhlaza eluhlaza, kanye notshalo-mali oluningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ekwenzeni ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kuvumele izwe ukuthi liqinisekise ukuhola okungenakuphikiswa kulo mkhakha. Lokhu-ke kudale ukuthi kube nohlelo olukhulu lwezemvelo lwabadlali nabasunguli bamafemu abavumela umkhakha ukuthi wenze kahle kakhulu. [5]
Kodwa-ke, kunokuncintisana okunzima okuvela kwamanye amazwe akhiqiza amagilavu, ikakhulukazi iChina neThailand - umkhiqizi wenjoloba wemvelo omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
Kepha iMARGMA ilindele ukuthi iMalaysia igcine isikhundla sayo esiyinhloko ngenxa yendawo yezwe yokukhiqiza ethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle, isizwa yingqalasizinda enhle, indawo yebhizinisi evumayo, nezinqubomgomo ezilungele ibhizinisi. Futhi, kuwo womabili la mazwe ancintisanayo, izindleko zabasebenzi nezamandla ezihlanganisiwe ziphakeme kakhulu kunaseMalaysia. [6]
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wamagilavu wenjoloba uthole ukuxhaswa okungaguquguquki okuvela kuhulumeni. Njengoba ibhekwa njengensika esemqoka yezomnotho, umkhakha wenjoloba, kufaka phakathi imboni yamagilavu, ungenye yezindawo eziyi-12 zeNational Key Economic (NKEAs) zaseMalaysia.
Lesi simo sokubekwa eqhulwini sifaka phakathi uxhaso lukahulumeni kanye nezikhuthazo. Isibonelo, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi engenhla, uhulumeni unikela ngamanani entengo kagesi exhaswe ngomkhakha wenjoloba - indlela yosizo ikakhulukazi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izindleko zegesi zibanga amaphesenti ayi-10-15 endleko yokusetshenziswa kwegilavu. [7]
Ngokunjalo, iRubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (RISDA) itshala imali kakhulu ezinhlelweni zalo mkhakha wokutshala nokutshala kabusha.
Uma kukhulunywa ngesigaba esiphakathi nendawo, imizamo ethathwe yiMalber Rubber Board (MRB) yokukhuthaza ukubambisana okusimeme komphakathi nezizimele ukubambisana kweR & D kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe ngendlela yezintambo ezithuthukisiwe zediphu kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi eziqinile. [8] Futhi, ukuvuselela imisebenzi esezansi nomfula, iMalaysia isuse intela yokungenisa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenjoloba yemvelo kanye nokucutshungulwa. [9]
Ukunyuka okukhulu kwamavolumu okuthengisa, kuhlanganiswe nokwehla kwamanani okuthengisa, izindleko eziphansi zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukutholakala kwabasebenzi abashibhile, ukusebenza kangcono kwezokukhiqiza, kanye nokwesekwa nguhulumeni, kuholele ekukhuleni okuvelele emholweni wabakhiqizi begilavu abaphezulu ezweni. Ukubaluleka kwenani ngalinye labasunguli beMalaysia Abane Abakhulu izinkampani zegilavu - iTop Glove Corp Bhd, iHartalega Holdings Bhd, iKossan Rubber Industries Bhd, neSupermax Corp Bhd - manje seziwele umkhawulo wokuhahela kakhulu wezigidigidi zamarandi.
Ngaphandle kwabadlali abakhulu embonini bajabulela amanani entengo akhuphukayo, baqala ukukhuphuka kokukhiqiza, futhi bajabulela inzuzo yabo eyandisiwe, abadlali abancane [10] abasemkhakheni nabo bakhethe ukukhuphula amandla okukhiqiza. Imikhakha yenzuzo ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kangangokuba namafemu emikhakheni anqanyuliwe njengezakhiwo kanye ne-IT anqume ukungena ekukhiqizeni amagilavu. [11]
Ngokwezibalo zeMARGMA, imboni yamagilavu yenjoloba yaseMalaysia yaqasha abantu abalinganiselwa ku-71,800 ngo-2019. Izakhamizi zazinamaphesenti angama-39 abasebenzi (28,000) kanti abokufika bakwamanye amazwe bakha amaphesenti angama-61 asele (43,800).
Ngokunikezwa kwesidingo esikhuphukile somhlaba wonke, abenzi bamadilavu manje babhekene nokushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi. Imboni idinga ngokuphuthumayo ukukhulisa abasebenzi bayo ngamaphesenti angama-32, noma abasebenzi abangama-25,000. Kepha ukuqasha ngokushesha kube yinselelo ngenxa yesimo sikahulumeni sokuqasha abasebenzi baphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ukunciphisa lesi simo, amafemu andisa ukuzenzekelayo futhi aqashe abantu baseMalaysia ngamandla, yize behola kakhulu. Lokhu kungumthombo owamukelekile wesidingo sabasebenzi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinga likazwelonke lokungasebenzi likhuphuke lisuka emaphesentini angu-3.4 ngo-2019 laya ku-4.2% ngoMashi 2020. [12]
Okubi?
Izinzuzo ezinkulu ezijatshulelwa ngabakhiqizi begilavu cishe zaheha ukunakwa nguhulumeni waseMalaysia, ngenqwaba yezikhulu ezikhethiwe ezazifuna ukuthi kwenziwe intela eyodwa kuphela ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Abasekeli abazwakalayo ngalesi senzo bathi intela enjalo, ngaphezu kwentela yenkampani ekhona (ebesevele yeqe ngamaphesenti angama-400 yaya kuma-RM2.4 billion ngo-2020), ibivumelekile ngoba amafemu anomthwalo wokuziphatha futhi osemthethweni " buyisela ”imali emphakathini ngokukhokha le ntela kuhulumeni. [13]
UMARGMA wasichitha ngokushesha lesi siphakamiso. Intela ye-windfall ayizukuvimbela kuphela izinhlelo zokunwetshwa kwezinkampani zamagilavu ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo, kepha futhi ibeke umkhawulo ekutshalweni kabusha kwenzuzo emisebenzini yokuxhasa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzenzela.
Lokhu kungabeka engcupheni iMalaysia ngokulahlekelwa isikhundla sayo esibusayo kwamanye amazwe asevele akhulisa umkhiqizo. Kungaphikiswa futhi ngokuthi, uma kukhokhiswa intela eyengeziwe embonini ngezikhathi zempumelelo engavamile, uhulumeni kumele futhi akulungele ukutakula abadlali bakhe abakhulu lapho kufika ubunzima.
Ngemuva kokulinganisa zombili izinhlangothi zempikiswano, uhulumeni wamisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufaka intela entsha. Isizathu esanikezwa abezindaba ukuthi ukwethula imali yenzuzo kuzobonwa kabi ngabatshalizimali kuphela kepha nezinhlangano zomphakathi.
Ngokwengeziwe, eMalaysia, intela yenzuzo yebhonasi ayikaze ibekwe ezimpahleni eziqediwe - ngenxa yobunzima bokunquma umkhawulo wamanani entengo emakethe, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo efana namagilavu enjoloba, anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, amazinga, imininingwane, namamaki ngokusho emazweni athengisiwe. [14] Ngenxa yalokho, ngenkathi kwethulwa iSabelomali sango-2021, abenzi bamakilavu basindiswa ngentela eyengeziwe. Esikhundleni salokho, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi Abane Abakhulu izinkampani zizonikela ngokuhlanganyela izigidi ezingama-RM400 kuhulumeni ukusiza ukuthwala ezinye zezindleko zemithi yokugoma nemishini yezokwelapha. [15]
Ngenkathi impikiswano mayelana nokunikela okwanele komkhakha ezweni lonke ibukeka ilinganisela kahle, obekungaphikiswa ngokungangabazeki impikiswano ezungeze abadlali bayo abakhulu, ikakhulukazi iTop Glove. Lokhu kuqiniswa ngesandla esisodwa kubhekela ingxenye yesine yomkhiqizo wegilavu futhi kuhlomule ngokungenakulinganiswa namazinga aphezulu okufunwa manje.
ITop Glove ibingomunye wabaphumelele kuqala enkingeni yezempilo. Ngenxa yokukhula okungenakuqhathaniswa kokuthengiswa kwamagilavu, inkampani yaphula amarekhodi enzuzo amaningi. Esigabeni sayo sakamuva sezezimali (esiphela ngomhla ka-30 Novemba 2020), inkampani iqophe inzuzo yayo ephezulu kakhulu engama-RM2.38 billion.
Ngonyaka nonyaka, inzuzo yayo ephelele ikhuphuke izikhathi ezingama-20 kusuka onyakeni owedlule. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube nobhadane, iTop Glove ibikade isendleleni yokwandisa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili, ikhulisa amandla ayo kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingamagilavu ezingama-60.5 billion ngo-Agasti 2018 kuya kwizicucu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-70.1 ngoNovemba 2019. Egibela empumelelweni yakamuva, umenzi weglavu manje uhlela ukwanda umthamo waminyaka yonke ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngasekupheleni kuka-2021 kuya ezingxenyeni eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-91.4. [16]
Kodwa-ke, ngoNovemba ngonyaka odlule, kwaqhamuka izindaba zokuthi abasebenzi abayizinkulungwane eziningana - iningi labo okungabasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe - kwenye yezinkampani ezikhiqiza izinkampani babehlolwe ukuthi banalo yini i-coronavirus. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izindawo zokulala zabasebenzi abaningi zaqokwa njengamaqoqo amakhulu e-COVID futhi uhulumeni washesha ngokushesha wamisa amasonto ambalwa we-MCO (EMCO) eyenziwe ngcono.
Lesi sifo siqubule nokuthi uhulumeni avule uphenyo olubalelwa ku-19 ezinkampanini eziyisithupha zeTop Glove. Lokhu kulandele imisebenzi yokuphoqelelwa ngasikhathi sinye eyenziwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi.
Abasebenzi ababambe iqhaza kuleli klasta banikezwe i-Home Surveillance Order (HSO) izinsuku eziyi-14 futhi benziwa bagqoka amabhande esihlakala ukuze babhekwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo nsuku zonke.
Zonke izindleko zokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi kwe-COVID-19, izindawo zokuvalelwa wedwa nokudla okuhlobene nakho, ezokuthutha nendawo yokuhlala bezizothwalwa yiTop Glove. Ngasekupheleni konyaka, bangaphezu kuka-5 000 abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe eTop Glove ababikwa bethelelekile. [17] Ambalwa amacala kodwa avamile abikiwe nasezakhiweni zokukhiqiza eziphethwe abanye abathathu Abane Abakhulu amafemu, aphakamisa ukuthi le nkinga ayenzelwanga inkampani eyodwa. [18]
Uphenyo olusemthethweni lwembula ukuthi okuyimbangela enkulu yokuvela ngokushesha kwamaqoqo amaningi emega emkhakheni wegilavu kwakuyizimo zokuphila ezesabekayo zabasebenzi. Izindawo zokulala zabafuduki zazigcwele ngokweqile, zingahlanzekile, futhi zingenawo umoya kahle - futhi lokhu kwakungaphambi kokuba kuqale lesi sifo.
Ubucayi besimo buvezwa ukuphawula okwenziwe nguMqondisi-Jikelele woMnyango Wezabasebenzi wasePeninsular Malaysia (JTKSM), okuyinhlangano engaphansi koMnyango Wezabasebenzi: “Icala elikhulu kwaba ukuthi abaqashi bahlulekile ukufaka isicelo sesitifiketi sokuhlala kwiLabour. UMnyango ngaphansi kweSigaba 24D se-Workers 'Minimum Standards of Housing and Amenities Act 1990. Lokhu kuholele kwamanye amacala ahlanganisa indawo yokuhlala eminyene kanye nezindawo zokulala, ezazingakhululeki futhi zingenamoya omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezazisetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka abasebenzi zazingahambisani imithetho kamasipala. I-JTKSM izothatha isinyathelo esilandelayo ukudlulisa amaphepha okuphenya asevele evuliwe ukuze wonke lawa macala aphenywe ngaphansi koMthetho. Ukuphula umthetho ngakunye ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho kuthwala inhlawulo engama-RM50,000 kanye nesikhathi esingahle sibe sejele. ”[19]
Amalungiselelo ezindlu ezingekho kahle akuyona ukuphela kwendaba ekhathazayo ebhekene nomkhakha wegilavu. ITop Glove nayo yagqama emhlabeni jikelele ngoJulayi wangonyaka owedlule, lapho i-US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) yamemezela ukuvinjelwa kokungeniswa kwezimpahla ezivela ezinhlakeni ezimbili zezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo ngenxa yezikhalazo zabasebenzi.
Ku- 2020 Uhlu Lwezimpahla Ezenziwa Ngukuqashwa Kwezingane noma Ukuphoqelelwa Umbiko, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseMelika (i-USDOL) usola iTop Glove nge:
1) ukubeka abasebenzi njalo emalini ephezulu yokuqasha;
2) ukubaphoqa ukuthi basebenze isikhathi esengeziwe;
3) ukubenza basebenze ezimeni eziyingozi;
I-4) ibasongela ngezinhlawulo, ukubanjelwa umholo nama-passport, nemikhawulo yokuhamba. [20] Ekuqaleni, iTop Glove yazichitha ngokuphelele izicelo, yaqinisekisa ukungabekezeleli nhlobo ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba yehlulekile ukubhekana nezinkinga ngesikhathi, inkampani yaphoqeleka ukuthi ikhokhe abasebenzi abafuduka imali engu-RM136 million njengokulungiswa kwemali yokuqasha. [21] Ukwenza ngcono ezinye izici zenhlalonhle yabasebenzi, nokho, kuchazwe “njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo” ngabaphathi beTop Glove. [22]
Ababi
Zonke lezi zinkinga zikhombe imvelo ebanzi yenqubomgomo, kanye nokungasebenzi kwayo okuhambisanayo.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokusebenza kwabasebenzi abangenawo amakhono. IMalaysia sekunesikhathi incike emisebenzini engabizi kakhulu yamanye amazwe evela emnothweni ompofu. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni ezishicilelwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi, ngonyaka we-2019, cishe amaphesenti ayi-18 wabasebenzi baseMalaysia ayenziwe ngabokufika. [23] Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa abasebenzi bamazwe angabhalisiwe, le nombolo ingafinyelela noma yikuphi kusuka kumaphesenti angama-25 kuye kwangama-40. [24]
Le nkinga yengezwa futhi iqiniso elihlale linganakwa lokuthi abokufika nezakhamizi abayiziphathimandla eziphelele, kanti izinga lemfundo liyisici esivelayo. Phakathi kuka-2010 no-2019, iningi labasebenzi abafudukayo abangena emakethe yezabasebenzi eMalaysia lalinemfundo ephakeme kakhulu, kanti isibalo sezakhamizi ezifundiswe ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme sakhula kakhulu. [25] Lokhu akuchazi nje kuphela ukwehluka kohlobo lwemisebenzi ethathwe ngabasebenzi abaningi baphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nabaseMalaysia, kodwa futhi nobunzima obubhekene nemboni yeglavu yenjoloba ekugcwaliseni izikhala ezingenamuntu nabantu bendawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithethonqubo kanye nokushintsha izikhundla zenqubomgomo. Izinkinga ezikhungethe le mboni zintsha kakhulu. Izinsolo zokungasebenzi kahle nezindlu zabasebenzi abasemkhakheni weglavu zaqala ukuvela eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule. Ngo-2018, ukuvezwa okubili okuzimele - yiThomson Reuters Foundation [26] kanye ne-Guardian [27] - kuveze ukuthi abasebenzi bokufika eTop Glove babevame ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlangabezana nezindlela eziningi ze-International Labour Organisation "zobugqila besimanje nokusebenza kanzima" . Yize uhulumeni waseMalaysia eqale waphendula ngokusekela ngokungagodli irekhodi lomenzi weglavu, [28] uphenye umbono wakhe ngemuva kokuthi iTop Glove ivume ukwephula imithetho yezabasebenzi. [29]
Ukungaguquguquki kwesimo senqubomgomo sikahulumeni mayelana nabasebenzi bokufika emkhakheni wegilavu kubuye kwabonakala ngenkathi kuqala izinsolo ze-USDOL. Yize uMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseMalaysia waqale wathi ukuvinjelwa kokungeniswa kweTop Glove “kwakungalungile futhi kungenasisekelo”, [30] muva nje ushintshele incazelo yakhe yezindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi "kwaba okunyanyekayo", [31] waphinde wafaka kwigazethi umthetho ophuthumayo ophoqa iglavu izinkampani ezikhiqizayo ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala eyenele nezinsiza kubasebenzi bokufika ukulawula ukwanda kwegciwane. [32]
Isidingo Esiphezulu. Ngenkathi inani leziguli ezitheleleke nge-COVID belilokhu likhula, izinhlelo zokugoma emhlabeni wonke nazo ziqala ukushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhathi zesikhathi sokukhiqiza ziya ngokufuna kakhulu, kanti ingcindezi kwesinye isikhathi ivela ezindaweni ezingalindelekile.
NgoMashi wonyaka owedlule, Inxusa laseMelika eMalaysia laphinde laphinde laphinde labeka isithombe namazwibela athi "Ngokukhiqizwa kwamagilavu ezokwelapha neminye imikhiqizo yezokwelapha, umhlaba uthembele eMalaysia ekulweni ne-COVID-19". [33] Kwenzeka lokhu nje, le-tweet yathunyelwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje ngemuva kokuba i-US isuse unswinyo lokungenisa impahla olwaluthathe izinyanga eziyisithupha kumenzi wegilavu waseMalaysia i-WRP Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd. Ngaso leso sikhathi, Inxusa le-EU eMalaysia linxuse abenzi bamaklavu bendawo ukuthi "babe nobuchule" qinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-24/7 ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esiphuthumayo sesifunda semishini yokuzivikela. [34]
Yize kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo kokuthi imikhuba yokuphoqelelwa yabasebenzi isengaba namandla ezinkampanini zamagilavu zaseMalaysia, ukufunwa kwamagilavu alahlwayo akubonisi zimpawu zokwehla kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Uhulumeni waseCanada usanda kumemezela ukuthi uphenya izinsolo zokuhlukunyezwa kwabasebenzi emafemini egilavu eMalaysia kulandela ukushicilelwa kwama-CBC Emakethe bika. Isidingo, noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi siwe. ICanada Border Services Agency yaphawula ukuthi “ayizange ifake isicelo sokwenqatshwa kwamanani entengo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwempahla ngabasebenzi abaphoqelelwe. Ukusungula ukuthi izimpahla zenziwe ngumsebenzi ophoqelelwe kudinga ucwaningo olubalulekile nokuhlaziywa kanye nemininingwane esekelayo. ”[35]
E-Australia, futhi, uphenyo lwe-ABC lwathola ubufakazi obubonakalayo bokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza amagilavu zaseMalaysia. Okhulumela i-Australia Border Force kubikwa ukuthi uthe "uhulumeni ukhathazekile ngezinsolo zobugqila besimanje obuhlobene nokwenziwa kwezinto zokuzivikela, kubandakanya amagilavu enjoloba." Kodwa ngokungafani ne-US, i-Australia ayidingi abangenisi bezwe ukuthi bafakazele ukuthi akukho msebenzi ophoqelelwe kulowo ababahlinzekayo. [36]
Uhulumeni wase-UK naye uqhubekile nokuthola amagilavu wezokwelapha eMalaysia, yize evuma umbiko weHhovisi Lezasekhaya owaphetha ngokuthi "inkohlakalo idlangile ezinhlelweni zokuqashwa kwabantu baseMalaysia nakwamanye amazwe angumthombo wabasebenzi abafudukayo, futhi ithinta zonke izingxenye zohlelo lokuqashwa kwabantu". [37 ]
Ngenkathi ukufunwa kwamagilavu kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, akunakushiwo okufanayo ngokuhlinzekwa. UMARGMA usanda kuveza ukuthi ukushoda komhlaba kwamagilavu enjoloba kuzohlala ngaphezu kuka-2023. Ukudilizwa kweglove inqubo kudla isikhathi, futhi izindawo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukunwetshwa ngobusuku obubodwa.
Izinselelo ezingalindelekile ezifana nokuqubuka kwe-COVID emafemini okukhiqiza amagilavu kanye nokushoda kweziqukathi zemikhumbi kusibhebhethekisile lesi simo. Namuhla, isikhathi sokuhola sama-oda silinganiselwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, ngesidingo esivela kohulumeni abaphelelwe yithemba abashayela amanani entengo aphakathi nendawo.
Isiphetho
Umkhakha wegilavu wenjoloba waseMalaysia ungumthombo wokuqashwa, ukushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nenzuzo yomnotho ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Isidingo esikhuphukayo nokwenyuka kwamanani kusize amafemu asunguliwe ukuthi akhule futhi akhuthaze abangenayo abasha kulo mkhakha. Uma ubheka phambili, ukunwetshwa komkhakha kuyaqinisekiswa, okungenani ngesikhathi esifushane, ngenxa yesidingo esizinzile, esikhuthazwa ngokwengxenye, ngemishini yokugoma engena.
Kodwa-ke, akukhona konke ukunakwa okusha okutholakele okuhle. Inzuzo enkulu yalo mkhakha esimweni esingesihle kahle iholele ekubizweni kwentela ewela emoyeni. Izinhlangano zabasebenzi nezinhlangano zomphakathi zifuna ukuthi enye yenzuzo yabiwe kabanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwa ukusekelwa kombuso okutholwa yilo mkhakha. Ekugcineni, ngenkathi lo mkhakha ungakhokhiswa intela, abaholi bemboni bavuma ukunikela ngokuzithandela ekukhishweni komuthi wokugoma.
Okulimaze kakhulu kunalokhu bekuyizambulo zokuthi izindlela zokusebenza zabadlali abaningi abahamba phambili kulo mkhakha bezingemukelekile neze. Yize kungenasici somkhakha wamagilavu wenjoloba uwonke, izinsolo ezihlasimulisayo maqondana namafemu athile zikhuliswe kaningi futhi zandulela ubhadane lwe-COVID-19. Ukuhlanganiswa kokunakwa kwamazwe omhlaba kanye namandla okutheleleka ngamazinga aphezulu okutheleleka kukhuthaze iziphathimandla ukuthi zithathe isinyathelo.
Lokhu-ke kuphakamisa izingqinamba ezimeni ezibanzi zezikhungo zaseMalaysia, kusuka emithethweni elawula ukuqashwa, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kanye nokwelashwa kwabasebenzi bamazwe angaphandle kuye ekubhekeni okufanele nasekuhloleni izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zokuhlala. Ohulumeni bamakhasimende ababekelwa eceleni umthwalo wabo, nezingcingo zokuthi kwenziwe ngcono umkhakha zikhishwe kanyekanye nezingcingo zokuncishiswa kwezikhathi zokukhiqiza kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga okukhiqiza. I-COVID-19 ikhombise ngokusobala ukuthi ukwahlukana phakathi kwezenhlalakahle zabasebenzi kanye nempilo yomphakathi ebanzi akucaci, nokuthi kuxhumene kakhulu impela.
Mayelana nabalobi: UFrancis E. Hutchinson uyi-Senior Fellow noMxhumanisi we-Malaysia Studies Program, kanti u-Pritish Bhattacharya uyi-Research Officer ku-Regional Economic Studies Programme e-ISEAS - i-Yusof Ishak Institute.Lokhu kungokwesibili kwemibono emibili ebheka umkhakha wegilavu wenjoloba waseMalaysia. . Umbono wokuqala (2020/138) uqhakambise izinto ezibe nomthelela ekukhuleni komkhakha okungakaze kube khona ngonyaka we-2020.
Umthombo: Lo mbhalo ushicilelwe ku-ISEAS Perspective 2021/35, 23 Mashi 2021.
Isikhathi Iposi: May-11-2021